With the onset of New General Ledger, which provides seamless integration between general ledger and profit center accounting, Business Area seems to have lost the importance it enjoyed with the classical general ledger.
Often we encounter a dilemma on whether to use a Business Area or Profit Center (or Segment) to obtain financial information on an important logical business division or geographical business location.
The following note from SAP clearly classifies the distinction between the functionality available with Business Area and Profit Center to help make the appropriate choice.
Note 321190 - Difference between business area and profit center
difference between segmentation and business area in sap
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